Chavin de Huantar Archaeogeodesy KML
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Chavin de Huantar
Chavin Huaca Archaeogeodesy KML
Companion webpage: Chavin Huaca Archaeogeodesy
Archaeogeodesy Tools:
KML - Ancient Monuments in Google Earth
Download - 8 MB Google Earth file: archaeogeodesy.kml. Spanning the globe, more than 15,000 placemarks of ancient monuments and anthropogenic features, most of the 7,000 monuments with coordinates in the Excel applet.
Excel - Research Application
Download - archaeogeodesy.xls. Excel application with coordinates for 7,000 mounds, pyramids, monuments, and other ancient sites worldwide.
Related Links:
Machupicchu Archaeogeodesy
Casma-Sechin Archaeogeodesy — The results placemarks may seem esoteric to those not familiar with my code, previous writing, and KML files. Discussion in this web page is intended to help overcome that obstacle.
Newark Archaeogeodesy, Assessing Evidence of Geospatial Intelligence in the Americas
Ancient Monument Latitudes Evidence Accurate Astronomy
ArchaeoBlog
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readme
Version Notes:
v2018.10.20 — International Archaeology Day, first published online.
v2018.11.22 — more placemarks, text, images, and links added.
v2019.03.30 — results related to Aconcagua modified with new GPS datum, acong.
v2020.10.12 — updated some Chichen and Machupicchu coordinates, new Huascaran and Apu Illimani GPS datums, new results with Chavin-Machupicchu-Illimani great circle focus.
v2021.03.20 — more new results for Chavin-Machupicchu-Illimani great circle sites.
v2021.04.25 — additional results added.
v2022.07.21 — recent results added, some formatting changes.
v2024.05.01 — more results added, more formatting changes.
Cite with access date as Chavin de Huantar Archaeogeodesy KML
https://www.jqjacobs.net/kml/chavin.kml
©2024 James Q. Jacobs all rights reserved.

articles and cartography references
Further reading:
Understanding Chavín and the Origins of Andean Civilization
The Tello Obelisk, a Chavín de Huantár Sculpture
Early Monumental Architecture on the Peruvian Coast
The Dresden Codex Lunar Series and Sidereal Astronomy
Precise Maya Astronomical Knowledge at Xultun
La cronología de Chavín de Huántar y sus implicancias para el Periodo Formativo
Radiocarbon Dates from the Monumental Architecture at Chavín de Huántar, Perú. 2013
Architectural Sequence and Chronology at Chavín de Huántar
Ortofoto de Chavin de Huantar

sites
Included below are Chavin placemarks only. To view the other site placemarks herein download:
Ancient Monuments in Google Earth
jqjacobs.net/kml/archaeogeodesy.kml
Input the site codes in the archaeogeodesy.xls applet to view names, coordinates, sources, and calculate site relationships.
Web Archive

chavb
GPS Chavin Benchmark
-9.59303333
3185m
GPS source: Dr. John W. Rick
Web Archive

chhha
Chavin Huaca A
-9.594255
-77.178300
3163
Web Archive

chhap
Chavin Portal
3162

chhla
Chavin Lanzon
3165

chhpc
Chavin Plaza Circular

chhpq
Chavin Plaza Cuadrada

chhhc
Chavin Huaca C

archaeogeodesy study results
Archaeogeodesy can be defined as that area of study encompassing prehistoric and ancient place determination, navigation on land or water, point positioning, measure and representation of the earth, geodynamic phenomena, and the applied astronomy. Archaeogeodesy, by combining fundamental astronomy, geodetic knowledge, applied mathematics, accurate positional data, and archaeology, presents a methodology for investigating the architecture, placements, spatial properties, relationships, and arrangements of prehistoric sites and monuments.
Archaeogeodesy is the area of study I proposed in 1991 upon publishing Site-to-Site Relationships of Monumental Prehistoric Sites of North America. In 1992, I wrote Archaeogeodesy, A Key to Prehistory, discussing basic concepts and presenting study findings to illustrate fundamental ideas. Rewrittten and enlarged, the online 1998 version is a series of four articles.

tectonic motion
Tectonic motion modeling for epoch neolithic (obliquity = 24.0°) 2739 BCE is illustrated by the two placemarks in this folder.
Knowing the direction and rate of tectonic motion is important when considering relationship accuracy, and moreso the older the monuments and relationships.
The unavco.org Plate Motion Calculator calculates tectonic plate motion at any location using one or more plate motion models.

Chavin Huaca A adjusted

chavin latitude
Ancient Monument Latitudes Evidence Accurate Astronomy
... A right triangle at Chavin with sides extended to the pole star and to the geodetic center expresses the ratio 1:6; the rotation axis is the hypotenuse equaling six and the geodetic radius equals one. Today, the precise asin 1/6 geodetic triangle intersects the latitude of Building F ... Tectonic motion shifts monument latitudes very slightly, a locally variable factor in proportion to monument age....
The sine of Chavín de Huantár's latitude equals one-sixth.

arcs
The module codes below and cited in the placemarks are defined in the archaeogeodesy.xls applet in the epoch worksheet. The first eight astronomical motion units equating time and space are variable and adjust values to match the epoch setting. The epoch used for most calculations in this KML is epoch chavin, 1200 BCE, Julian Day 1,283,124, r27 = 13.14037818° and 0.0365010505 circumference.
The astronomical constants are defined in the epoch worksheet and display in the aegeo worksheet. AeGeo is the name of my archaeogeodesy computer language, the shorthand terms for sites, astronomy constants, and modules. I discuss the modules and fundamental astronomy in the Eclipses, Cosmic Clockwork of the Ancients webpage.

chhpq-aspph
Chavin Plaza - Aspero Plaza Hundida
Chavin Plaza - Aspero Plaza Hundida - Pachacamac
chhpq-aspph-pachs arcs ratio @ chhpq = 1.0 : 0.500030 (+9m)

chhap-hidol
Chavin Portal - Huaca de los Idolos
Early Monumental Architecture on the Peruvian Coast
... The Aspero site yielded the earliest date of all Early horizon structures (Moseley and Willey 1973:465). Dating is available for the two largest platform mounds. The Huaca de los Idolos radiocarbon measurements span from 4900 ± 160 B.P. to 3970 ± 145 B.P. Those from Huaca de los Sacrificios span from 4260 ± 150 B.P. to 3950 ± 150 B.P. The latter phases of constructions at Aspero are dated to between 4360 ± 175 B.P. and 3950 ± 150 B.P. (Feldman 1985:71). ....

chhla-carap
Chavin Lanzon - Caral Pyramid
Chavin Lanzon - Caral Lessor Pyramid

chhap-pachs
Chavin Portal - Pachacamac
Chavin Huaca A - Pachacamac

chhla-guitc
Chavin Lanzon - Guitarrero Cave

chhpq-pucar
Chavin Plaza - Pucara
Chavin Plaza Circular - Cerro Sallqantay - Pucara
chhpc-sallq-pucar n-s ratio @ pucar = 1.0 : 0.314176 (+10m)
Chavin Plaza - Pucara - Waqrapukara
chhpq-pucar-waqra great circle @ waqra = 179.973°

chhpc-noom
Chavin Plaza Circular - Observatory Mound
epoch hopewell yt = 18.599373 years per lunar orbit turn
Newark Octagon - Carrowkeel H
Chavin Huaca A - Octagon Gateway - Carrowkeel G
chhha-nocga-carrg arcs ratio @ nocga = 1.000000 : 1.000000 (-1m)
Octagon Gateway - Thornborough South
Chavin Huaca A - Eagle Mound - Puma Punku
chhha-nccm-pupup e-w ratio @ chhha = 1.0 : 0.618088 (+31m)

chhap-pdsol
Chavin Portal - Piramide del Sol
Chavin Huaca A - Pyramid of the Sun
Chavin Huaca A - Quetzalcoatl Pyramid - Chang'an Palace
chhha-pquet-chaip n-s ratio @ chhha = 1.0 : 0.666667 (+1m)
Teotihuacan, the Largest Prehistoric City in the Americas

e-w

khufp e-w

khafr e-w

chhap-khugp-khafr
Chavin Portal - Khufu Pyramid - Khafre Pyramid
chhap-khugp-khafr e-w ratio @ khugp = 1.0 : 31,413.02
Khufu Pyramid - Khafre Pyramid

chhpq-waden-karhh
Chavin Plaza - Waden Mound - Karnak Hypostyle Hall

chhha-nccm-pupup
Chavin Huaca A - Eagle Mound - Puma Punku
Chavin Lanzon - Eagle Mound - Puma Punku
chhla-nccm-pupup e-w ratio @ pupup = 1.0 : 0.618017 (-26m)
Machupicchu Mortars - Sillustani - Puma Punku
mmort-sillu-pupup e-w ratio @ mapim = 1.0 : 0.618026 (-3m)
Golden Mean Longitudes KML file: phi_golden_ratios.kml

chhha-ncec-pachs
Chavin Huaca A - Pachacamac - Great Circle
GPS readings and derived centerpoint (ncec) at the Great Circle viewed in Google Earth.

chhpc-nocp-casti
Chavin Plaza Circular - Newark Octagon - Castillo
epoch chavin yt = 18.5989022 orbits per lunar orbit turn

chhpc-nocc-casti
Chavin Plaza Circular - Observatory Circle - Castillo
epoch chavin ys = 18.61215 years per lunar standstill period
Newark Archaeogeodesy, Assessing Evidence of Geospatial Intelligence in the Americas

Chavin Huaca A - Newark Octagon - Sillustani Towers
Chavin Plaza Circular - Newark Octagon - Sillustani
chhpc-nocp-sillu e-w ratio @ chhha = 1.0 : 0.750004 (+3m)

chhha-cotop-nocga
Chavin Huaca A - Cotopaxi - Octagon Gateway

chhap-nocc-ldant
Chavin Portal - Observatory Circle - La Danta GPS
square root of two = 1.414214
Observatory Circle arcs viewed from Observatory Mound.

chhpq-hdsol-ldant
Chavin Plaza - Huaca del Sol - La Danta GPS

chhha-noe-lomaz
Chavin Huaca A - Octagon Apex - La Loma Zanja
square root of two = 1.414214
Prümers et.al. - 2022
Lidar reveals pre-Hispanic low-density urbanism in the Bolivian Amazon
Extended Data Fig. 2 | Landívar site ... c, ... Numbered features: 1-5 platform mounds; 6-11, causeways; 12, structure of unknown function ....
Creative Commons — Prümers et.al., Nature volume 606 — modified, cropped.

chhla-cargp-lsnic
Chavin Lanzon - Caral Greater Pyramid - Loma San Nicolas
epoch inca rn = 27.2867223 rotations per lunar nodal period
Caral Greater Pyramid - Machupicchu Carved Rock - Loma San Nicolas
cargp-maccr-lsnic n-s ratio @ lsnic= 1.0 : 0.365008 (-1m)
epoch inca lr = 0.03650106 lunar orbits per rotation
Chavin Lanzon - Machupicchu Carved Rock - Loma San Nicolas
chhla-maccr-lsnic n-s ratio @ maccr = 1.0 : 0.366008 (-1m)
epoch chavin ld = 0.0366010 lunar orbits per day

chhpq-nocp-cochp
Chavin Plaza - Newark Octagon - Cochasqui Pyramid
epoch hopewell or = 0.002730327 orbits per rotation
epoch hopewell ro = 366.256467 rotations per orbit

chhpc-mwayn-acroc
Chavin Plaza Circular - Waynapicchu - Acre Octagon
epoch inca mn = 0.921493 moons per lunar nodal period

chhla-sahua-acroc
Chavin Lanzon - Sahuasiray - Acre Octagon
epoch hopewell os = 18.6119915 orbits per lunar standstill period
Wikimedia Commons

chhla-intih-placc
Chavin Lanzon - Intiwatana UTM - Placido de Castro Circle
epoch inca ot = 18.599000 orbits per lunar orbit turn

chhha-macht-amapa
Chavin Huaca A - Machupicchu Torreon - Amazonas Parallelogram 330m
epoch chavin ys = 18.6121535 years per lunar standstill period
Chavin Portal - Machupicchu Torreon - Amazonas Parallelogram 330m
chhap-macht-amapa e-w ratio @ amapa = 1.0 : 1.861153 (-3m)
epoch chavin os = 18.6114411 orbits per lunar standstill period
Hundreds of Geoglyphs Discovered in the Amazon

chhpq-sallq-amaov
Chavin Plaza - Cerro Sallqantay - Amazonas Oval
epoch inca ys = 18.613117 years per lunar standstill period
Chavin Plaza Circular - Intiwatana UTM - Amazonas Square 150m
chhpc-intih-amas7 e-w ratio @ amas7 = 1.0 : 1.861214 (+0.3m)
epoch chavin ys = 18.6121535 years per lunar standstill period

chhpq-intih-fcenc
Chavin Plaza - Intiwatana UTM - Fort Center Circle
epoch inca os = 18.612397 orbits per lunar standstill period

chhla-canar-salka
Chavin Lanzon - Cañari Ingapirca - Salkantay GPS
epoch chavin ld = 0.0366010 lunar orbits per day
Chavin Lanzon - Cañari Ingapirca - Cerro Sallqantay
chhla-canar-sallq e-w ratio @ chhla = 1.0 : 0.366241 (-1m)
epoch chavin ry = 366.2425558 rotations per year

chhla-canar-sallq
Chavin Lanzon - Cañari Ingapirca - Cerro Sallqantay
epoch chavin ry = 366.2425558 rotations per year
Chavin Lanzon - Cañari Ingapirca - Salkantay GPS
chhla-canar-salka e-w ratio @ chhla = 1.0 : 0.366013 (+1m)
epoch chavin ld = 0.0366010 lunar orbits per day

chhap-canar-macht
Chavin Portal - Cañari Ingapirca - Machupicchu Torreon
epoch chavin ro = 366.2565763 rotations per orbit
Chavin Plaza Circular - Cañari Ingapirca - Machupicchu Torreon
chhpc-canar-macht e-w ratio @ chhpc = 1.0 : 0.366242 (-0.1m)
epoch chavin ry = 366.2425558 rotations per year

chhhd-quenm-ailli
Chavin Huaca D - Queneto Monolith - Apu Illimani GPS
chhhd latitude 9.593258° cosine = 0.166653
great circle @ chhhd = 180.2568°

chhha-quenm-huasc
Chavin Huaca A - Queneto Monolith - Huascarán GPS
epoch hopewell dn = 27.2122219 days per lunar nodal period

chhla-tomav-hcort
Chavin Lanzon - Tomaval - Huaca Cortada

chhpq-llomm-cuipi
Chavin Plaza - La Loma Mound - Cuicuilco Piramide
epoch chavin ro = 366.24256 rotations per orbit
ro accuracy -24m, ry accuracy +30m
Chavin Plaza - La Loma Mound
chhpq-llomm-noe arcs ratio @ chhpq = 1.0 : 3.662362 (+26m)
Chavin Plaza - La Loma - Observatory Circle
chhpq-lloma-nocc arcs ratio @ chhpq = 1.0 : 3.664782 (+1m)
epoch chavin nr = 0.03664786 lunar nodal periods per rotation

chhha-buvih-pachs
Chavin Huaca A - Buena Vista - Pachacamac

chhap-macam-avocm
Chavin Portal - Capitolium Mound - Avebury Circle
epoch chavin yt = 18.598902 years per lunar orbit turn
epoch hopewell yt = 18.599373 (+5m)
Marietta, Ohio, and other Ohio River Sites

n-s

Chavin Portal - Tikal IV - Aconcagua GPS
epoch chavin ot = 18.598190 orbits per lunar orbit turn
epoch chavin do = 365.256576 days per orbit
Chavin Huaca A - Tikal I - Aconcagua GPS
chhha-tikp1-acong n-s ratio @ tgpp1 = 1.0 : 1.859882 (+12m)
epoch chavin yt = 18.598902 years per lunar orbit turn

Chavin Plaza Circular - Poverty Point Earthworks - Tikal I
epoch chavin lr = 0.0365011 lunar orbits per rotation
Poverty Point Earthworks - Tikal Acropolis Palace - Cerro Sechin Huaca
popoe-tikap-sechh n-s ratio @ popoe = 1.0 : 0.366009 (-6m)
Poverty Point World Heritage Site
The central construction consists of six rows of concentric ridges, parts of which were as high as five feet. The ridges form a semi-ellipse or C-shape, divided into sections by at least four aisles. The diameter of the outermost ridge measures nearly three-quarters of a mile. It is thought that these ridges served as foundations for dwellings although little evidence of structures has been found. However, features and midden deposits uncovered during excavations support this hypothesis.
Poverty Point is indeed a rare remnant of an exceptional culture. It has been estimated that landscape preparation and earthworks construction may have required moving as many as 53 million cubic feet of soil.

chhpc-ldant-miamm
Chavin Plaza Circular - La Danta GPS - Miamisburg Mound
Miamisburg Mound, a Photo Gallery

chhha-popma-tuchz
Chavin Huaca A - Poverty Point A - Tumi Chucua Zanja
epoch chavin dn = 27.2122238 days per lunar nodal period
2021 ArchaeoBlog
2021.03.14 - I have updated the Poverty Point KML file, Poverty Point Mounds, Maps, and Selected Results, with refined coordinates using LiDAR digital elevation model (DEM) point cloud data to define mound centerpoints or apex coordinates. In the maps folder, the point cloud data is displayed using Excel graphs as image overlays.
LiDAR DEM Source: Louisiana Statewide GIS Atlas
ArchaeoBlog

chhha-pupup-indez
Chavin de Huantar A - Puma Punku Pyramid - Independencia Zanjas 418m
epoch hopewell ro = 366.2564674 rotations per orbit
Chavin Portal - Puma Punku Pyramid - Independencia Zanjas 418m
chhap-pupup-indez n-s ratio @ indez = 1.0 : 0.366248 (+3m)
epoch hopewell ry = 366.2423584 rotations per year

chhap-cargp-pupup
Chavin Portal - Caral Pyramid - Puma Punku
epoch chavin yt = 18.598902 years per lunar orbit turn
Tiwanaku, Photo Gallery and Articles

chhha-cahuh-pupup
Chavin Huaca A - Cahuachi Huaca - Puma Punku

chhla-pachs-noom
Chavin Lanzon - Pachacamac - Observatory Mound
epoch hopewell yt = 18.599373 years per lunar orbit turn
epoch hopewell ot = 18.598657 orbits per lunar orbit turn
Chavin Lanzon - Observatory Mound
Chavin Huaca A - Pachacamac - Observatory Circle
chhha-pachs-nocc arcs ratio @ chhha = 1.0 : 18.598159 (+1m)
chhha-pachs-nocc arcs ratio @ pachs = 1.0 : 19.598121 (+1m)
epoch chavin ot = 18.598190 orbits per lunar orbit turn
epoch chavin et = 19.598190 eclipse nodal intervals per lunar orbit turn

chhha-intcr-lgalg
Chavin Huaca A - Inca Trail Carved Rock - La Galgada

chhpq-huapu-lgalg
Chavin Plaza - Huanuco Pampa Ushnu - La Galgada
Huánuco Pampa
At Wanuku Pampa the immense rectangular plaza measured 550m by 350m ... The City covered about 2 km2, within which more than 4,000 buildings were erected. ... sections of Wanuku Pampa display rare, finely cut and fitted, Imperial Inca style masonry ... The ushnu is the main central plaza which is a solid platform constructed out of Imperial Inca style masonry.

chhpq-hviru-hprie
Chavin Plaza - Huaca Viru - Huaca Prieta
epoch chavin ro = 366.2565763 rotations per orbit
Human Origin Sites and the World Heritage Convention in the Americas
Dillehay has demonstrated that the first occupation of the site dates to 14,500 bp, making it the earliest reliably dated site in Peru and one of the earliest in South America (Dillehay et al., 2012b).
Prior to 5800 cal yr bp, there was no large-scale monumental architecture in coastal Peru and only a few small structures elsewhere ... and the initial monumental phases of Huaca Prieta on the north coast of Peru (Dillehay et al., 2012a). With the exception of Huaca Prieta, coastal sites in the millennia preceding 5800 cal yr bp range from small fishing camps ... to villages ...
wikimedia

chhha-tumsh-hprie
Chavin Huaca A - Tumshukayko - Huaca Prieta

chhpc-yaynu-tumsh
Chavin Plaza Circular - Yaynu - Tumshukayko
epoch chavin od = 0.00273780 orbits per day

chhha-yaynu-guitc
Chavin Huaca A - Yaynu - Guitarrero Cave

chhpq-lgalg-ailli
Chavin Plaza - La Galgada - Apu Illimani GPS

chhpc-lomxz-tuchz
Chavin Plaza Circular - Loma X Zanja - Tumi Chucua Zanja
epoch chavin od = 0.0027378 orbits per day
epoch chavin do = 365.256576 days per orbit
Space Archaeology in the Amazon, Beni, Bolivia - 734 KB KML file.

chhpc-intih-xapen
Chavin Plaza Circular - Intiwatana UTM - Xapuri Enclosure
Chavin Plaza - Newark Octagon - Xapuri Enclosure
chhpq-nocp-xapen arcs ratio @ xapen = 1.0 : 0.166668 (+6m)
Xapuri Enclosure is a 340m roughly circular earthwork with several irradiating linear earthworks.

chhpc-grcav-rbrci
Chavin Plaza Circular - Gran Caverna II - Rio Branco Circle
epoch inca mn = 0.921493 moons per lunar nodal period
Montaña Machupicchu - Chavin Huaca A - Rio Branco Square 200m
mmapi-chhha-rbrsq n-s ratio @ mmapi = 1.0 : 0.921513 (+8m)
wikivoyage.org

chhpq-nocp-dzibl
Chavin Plaza - Newark Octagon - Dzibilchaltun

chhap-ncec-macam
Chavin Portal - Great Circle - Capitolium
epoch hopewell na = 1.012581
macam-nocc colat ratio = 1.0 : 1.012570
Ancient Earthworks of Eastern North America
At Newark Earthworks, Observatory Circle is attached to the Octagon. The Great Circle
stands apart to the southeast, with the great circles aligned to Marietta Earthworks.
"This is the large circle situated in the southern extremity of the group ... undoubtedly one of the best preserved ancient monuments of our country; it is uninjured by the plow and trees of the original forest are still standing on it." Cyrus Thomas, Report on the Mound Explorations, 1894.
By the time Thomas wrote these words, much of "Newark Works" as drawn earlier by Whittlesey, Squier, and Davis had been obliterated by agricultural activity and the development of Newark. The very scale of the two largest works made them less subject to destruction than other sections of Newark, and other earthworks generally. The Great Circle Earthwork, formerly Moundbuilders State Memorial, survived destruction as the Licking County Fairgrounds before park status.
More: https://www.jqjacobs.net/archaeo/newark.html

chhha-secal-huasc
Chavin Huaca A - Sechin Alto - Huascarán GPS
epoch inca or = 0.00273033 orbits per rotation

chhpc-secba-huasc
Chavin Plaza Circular - Sechin Bajo - Huascarán GPS
epoch inca dl = 27.3216625 days per lunar orbit
Chavin Huaca A - Sechin Bajo Primer Edificio - Huascaran GPS
chhha-sebpe-huasc n-s ratio @ chhha = 1.0 : 0.273276 (+3m)
The casma valley of peru: A cradle of pre-inca astronomy
The earliest large-scale structures in Peru that suggest intentional astronomical orientations are found during the Late Archaic in the Supe Valley of Norte Chico and in the Casma Valley dating to 2500-3500 BCE. Major features were sunken circular plazas, stairways, pyramids, and plazas suggesting the ritual movement across a tripartite cosmos, as well as orientations to December solstice sunrise/ June solstice sunset. This architectural theme continued to be expressed into the Early Horizon (1000-200 BCE) in twelve major sites in the Casma Valley. Nine have orientations to the June solstice or December solstice sunrises. The mound of Sechín Alto, the largest in the Americas, is topped with a U-shaped structure facing June solstice sunrise.

chhha-karwt-huasc
Chavin Huaca A - Karway Torreon - Huascaran GPS

chhha-nocga-chupa

chhpc-ahuga-tinya
Chavin Plaza Circular - Ahugapunta - Tinyash

chhpc-cargp-tinya
Chavin Plaza Circular - Caral Greater Pyramid - Tinyash
great circle @ chhpc = 180.60°

chhha-hmipe
Chavin Huaca A - Huaca Mina Perdida

chhha-pquet-chaip
Chavin Huaca A - Piramide Quetzalcoatl - Chang'an Palace

chhha-zulen-veros
Chavin Huaca A - Zuleta Norte - Veronica Summit
epoch chavin do = 365.2565763 days per orbit

chhha-acong-racor
Chavin Huaca A - Aconcagua GPS - Rath Cormac
epoch chavin lr = 0.0365011 lunar orbits per rotation

ratios

chhha-pachs-nocc
Chavin Huaca A - Pachacamac - Observatory Circle
epoch chavin ot = 18.598190 orbits per lunar orbit turn
epoch chavin et = 19.598190 eclipse nodal intervals per lunar orbit turn

chhpc-intih
Chavin Plaza Circular - Intiwatana UTM

chhha-machk-ailli
Chavin Huaca A - Machupicchu Kallanka - Apu Illimani GPS
great circle bearings @ machk = 180.1213°
Chavin Lanzon - Intiwatana UTM - Apu Illimani GPS
chhla-intih-ailli arcs ratio @ chhla = 1.0 : 0.499994 (-8m)
Chavin Portal - Machupicchu Courtyard - Apu Illimani GPS
chhap-mapic-ailli arcs ratio @ chhap = 1.0 : 0.500004 (+5m)
Chavin Plaza Circular - Machupicchu Kallanka - Apu Illimani GPS
chhpc-machk-ailli arcs ratio @ chhpc = 1.0 : 0.500002 (+3m)
Huaca del Sol Centerline - Intipunku UTM - Apu Illimani GPS
hdscl-intiu-ailli great circle @ intiu = 180.0018°

chhap-hluna-ailli
Chavin Portal - Huaca de la Luna - Apu Illimani GPS
great circle bearings @ chhap = 179.6208°
Machupicchu Carved Rock - Huaca de la Luna - Apu Illimani GPS
maccr-hluna-ailli great circle bearings @ maccr = 179.9947°

chhla-veros-ailli
Chavin Lanzon - Veronica Summit - Apu Illimani GPS
epoch chavin et = 19.5981902 eclipse nodal intervals per lunar orbit turn

chhha-tarat-ailli
Chavin Huaca A - Tarata Summit - Apu Illimani GPS
epoch chavin ly = 13.3682380 lunar orbits per year
Chavin de Huantar Archaeogeodesy
I cannot find GPS data for Nevado Tarata, a pyramidal peak and the highest point in one of Peru's twenty cordilleras displaced just 3.5 kilometers from the direct line between Chavin and Machu Picchu. I doubt a GPS reading exists since the remote peak has rarely been conquered. From Tarata to Chavin and to Machu Picchu the arcs ratio is 1.0 to 0.365013, accurate to one part in 100,000 with an uncertain margin of error. ....

chhha-intih-hluna
Chavin Huaca A - Intiwatana UTM - Huaca de la Luna
great circle angle @ chhha = 179.565°
Machupicchu Carved Rock - Huaca de la Luna
maccr-hluna latitude ratio = 1.0 : 0.618036 (+3m)

chhap-maccr-hluna
Chavin Portal - Machupicchu Carved Rock - Huaca de la Luna
great circle bearings @ chhap = 179.56014°

chhap-mpsar-ccban
Chavin Portal - Sacred Rock - Chan Chan Bandelier

chhha-mpsar-tarat
Chavin Huaca A - Sacred Rock - Tarata Summit
epoch inca lr = 0.03650106 lunar orbits per rotation
Chavin Lanzon - Intiwatana UTM - Tarata Summit
chhla-intih-tarat arcs ratio @ tarat = 1.0 : 0.365020 (+4m)
epoch chavin lr = 0.03650105 lunar orbits per rotation
Machupicchu Residence - Tarata Summit
macpr-tarat latitude ratio = 1.0 : 0.800000 (-0.2m)
Chavin Huaca A - Huaca del Sol - Tarata Summit
chhha-hdsol-tarat arcs ratio @ hdsol = 1.0 : 0.600005 (+2m)
Huaca Cao Viejo - Machupicchu Torreon - Tarata Summit
hcavi-macht-tarat arcs ratio @ macht = 1.0 : 0.499997 (-3m)

chhla-hprie-tarat
Chavin Lanzon - Huaca Prieta - Tarata Summit
epoch chavin dy = 365.2425941 days per year
great circle bearings @ tarat = 179.206°

chhpc-canar-pcoch
Chavin Plaza Circular - Cañari Ingapirca - Piramides de Cochasqui
epoch hopewell ro = 366.2564674 rotations per orbit
Chavin Huaca A - Cañari Ingapirca - Piramides de Cochasqui
chhha-canar-pcoch arcs ratio @ canar = 1.0 : 0.366242 (-0.2m)
epoch hopewell ry = 366.2423584 rotations per year
Chavin Lanzon - Cañari Ingapirca - Cerro Sallqantay
chhla-canar-sallq e-w ratio @ chhla = 1.0 : 0.366241 (-1m)

chhap-yaynu-huasc
Chavin de Huantar Portal - Yaynu - Huascarán GPS
Chavin Huaca A - Yaynu

chhha-yaynu-hprie
Chavin Huaca A - Yaynu - Huaca Prieta
epoch chavin nd = 0.0367482 lunar nodal periods per day

chhpc-intih-hcort
Chavin Plaza Circular - Intiwatana UTM - Huaca Cortada
great circle bearings @ chhpc = 180.1432°

chhpc-intih-quenm
Chavin Plaza Circular - Intiwatana UTM - Queneto Monolith
epoch inca on = 0.0745017 orbits per lunar nodal period
Chavin Plaza Circular - Sacred Rock - Queneto A
chhpc-mpsar-quena arcs ratio @ mpsar = 1.0 : 0.745009 (-7m)
Chavin Lanzon - Intiwatana UTM - Queneto Wanka
chhla-intih-quene arcs ratio @ intih = 1.0 : 0.745037 (+17m
Machupicchu Kallanka - Apu Illimani GPS - Queneto Monolith
machk-ailli-quenm arcs ratio @ machk = 1.0 : 0.745034 (+14m)
machk-ailli-quenm great circle bearings @ machk = 180.160°
Machupicchu High Group - Apu Illimani GPS - Queneto B
machg-ailli-quenb arcs ratio @ machg = 1.0 : 0.745003 (-12m)
machg-ailli-quenb great circle bearings @ machg = 180.155°

chhpq-csjua-hcort
Chavin Plaza - Castillo de San Juan - Huaca Cortada
epoch hopewell or = 0.002730327 orbits per rotation
great circle bearings @ csjua = 179.8482°

chhha-picut-wants
Chavin Huaca A - Picutupunta - Wantsan
epoch chavin rn = 27.2867255 rotations per lunar nodal period
epoch chavin or = 0.002730326 orbits per rotation
qu.wikipedia.org

chhpq-wants
Chavin Plaza - Wantsan

chhpc-guitc-huasc
Chavin Plaza Circular - Guitarrero Cave - Huascarán GPS

Chavin Huaca A - Yerupaja - Pachacamac II
Chavin Huaca A - Yerupaja - Pachacamac Monjas
chhha-yerup-pachm arcs ratio @ yerup = 1.0 : 0.365219 (-6m)
epoch chavin dy = 365.242594 days per year

chhpq-montg-ailli
Chavin Plaza - Montegrande - Apu Illimani GPS
epoch chavin dl = 27.3216705 days per lunar orbit
Wikimedia Commons

chhla-macht-epara
Chavin Lanzon - Machupicchu Torreon - El Paraíso

chhap-pachs-hidol
Chavin Portal - Pachacamac - Huaca de los Idolos
Chavin Portal - Huaca de los Idolos
Chavin Portal - Pachacamac
Chavin Plaza - Pachacamac Vieja - Caral Plaza Hundida
chhpq-pachv-caral arcs ratio @ chhpq = 1.0 : 0.499993 (-2m)
Wikimedia Commons

chhpq-caral-pachv
Chavin Plaza - Caral Plaza Hundida - Pachacamac Vieja

chhha-salka-pachs
Chavin Huaca A - Salkantay GPS - Pachacamac
epoch hopewell on = 0.0745017 orbits per lunar nodal

chhha-tinya
Chavin Huaca A - Tinyash
Chavin Plaza Circular - Tinyash

chhpq-salka-tuchz
Chavin Plaza - Salkantay GPS - Tumi Chucua Zanja
epoch chavin os = 18.611441 orbits per lunar standstill period

chhpq-carcp-lporz
Chavin Plaza - Caral Circular Plaza - Los Portones Zanja

chhha-mwayn-acrts
Chavin Huaca A - Waynapicchu - Acre Triple Square

chhpc-acrts
Chavin Plaza Circular - Acre Triple Square
Photo credit: Dr. Robert S. Walker

chhha-xapen-amats
Chavin - Xapuri Enclosure - Amazonas Triple Square
Photo credit: Dr. Robert S. Walker

chhpc-amasq
Chavin Plaza Circular - Amazonas Square
epoch chavin dl = 27.3216705 days per lunar orbit
epoch chavin na = 1.01258154 nodal periods per anomalistic period
Photo credit: Dr. Robert S. Walker

chhpc-cahuh-zulem
Chavin Plaza Circular - Cahuachi Huaca - Zuleta Mound
Chavin Huaca A - Gran Templo Cahuachi - Zuleta Sur
chhha-gtcah-zules arcs ratio @ gtcah = 1.0 : 0.366016 (+10m)

chhpq-lloma-nocc
Chavin Plaza - La Loma - Observatory Circle
epoch chavin nr = 0.03664786 lunar nodal periods per rotation
Chavin Huaca A - La Loma - Octagon Apex
chhha-lloma-noe e-w ratio @ lloma = 1.0 : 1.414250 (+5m)
Prümers et.al. - 2022
Lidar reveals pre-Hispanic low-density urbanism in the Bolivian Amazon
Fig. 3 | Maps of two large settlement sites. Red lines indicate the polygonal enclosures and the straight causeways radiating out from the sites. The topographical layers are based on TanDEM-X DEM 12-m data. a, Landívar site (no. 168)....
Creative Commons — Prümers et.al., Nature volume 606 — modified, cropped.

Chavin Portal - Tikal IV - Capitolium Mound
arcs ratio @ chhap = 5.000003 : 3.0
Newark Archaeogeodesy, Assessing Evidence
of Geospatial Intelligence in the Americas
Marietta's latitude equals 40 times solar orbit per day (so) ...
Marietta latitude also presents a low integer ratio for rotations and lunar orbits. Latitude baselines transecting the site equal both 40 times solar orbit per day (40 so) (3 r27 = 39.9967 so) and three times lunar orbit per rotation (3 r27). Figure 1 illustrates the relationships of the monument to these latitudes. The 3 r27 less 40 so latitude difference equals 0.0032° or 357 m (also the diameter of the Great Circle). Around 322 A.D. earth's rotation axis was inclined 3/5th's of Marietta's latitude, an arc equal to 1.8 r27 and 24 days of solar orbit (24 so). ....

Chavin Huaca A - Tikal IV - Akapana Pyramid

chhap-tikrp-hdsol
Chavin Portal - Tikal Radial Pyramid - Huaca del Sol
epoch chavin en = 0.0785075 eclipse nodal intervals per nodal period

chhpq-malbc-pquet
Chavin Plaza - Monte Alban Ballcourt - Piramide Quetzalcoatl
Piramide Quetzalcoatl - Monte Alban Ballcourt
Chavin Portal - Pyramid of the Sun

chhpc-tonpi
Chavin Plaza Circular - Tonina Piramide

chhpq-pucar-povpa
Chavin Plaza - Pucara - Poverty Point A

chhha-avocm-thosc
Chavin Huaca A - Avebury Circle - Thornborough South Center
Intiwatana UTM - Avebury Cove - Thornborough Centre
intih-avebc-thorc arcs ratio @ avebc = 1.0 : 0.031415 (-5m)
Great Circle - Avebury Circle - Thornborough South
ncec-avocm-thosc e-w ratio @ thosc = 1.0 : 0.003660 (+2m)
ld = 0.0366010 lunar orbits per day
Stonehenge and Pi

chhap-nocga-carrg
Chavin Portal - Octagon Gateway - Carrowkeel G
Newark Octagon Work

Chavin Huaca A - Tikal II - Durrington Walls Circle

chhpq-lvenp-silhi
Chavin Plaza - La Venta Mound - Silbury Hill
epoch chavin lr = 0.03650105 lunar orbit per rotation