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Hundreds of Geoglifos Discovered in the Amazon

2010.01.20 - Geoglifos is the term applied in Brazil to geometric earthworks discovered after recent deforestation. Geoglyphs are not new in South American archaeology, but these are different—massive earthworks of tropical forest soil rather than desert surface alterations. The Amazon Geoglifos present geometric forms; circles, squares, ellipses, octagons, and more, with individual forms up to several hundred meters across. Some are connected by parallel walls. Their distribution spans hundreds of kilometers, and much of the area remains forested jungle.

Geoglifos have been discovered in Google Earth exploring areas with recent high-resolution imagery updates. (Click thumbnail images herein to view larger image files in a new window.) Recent Brazilian news videos (five reports embedded below) on the ground and from small planes clearly illustrate the impressive scale, the massiveness of the amount of earth moved, and the unique monumental quality of this ancient cultural expression.

Earthworks preservationists, researchers, and recent archaeology news feeds called my attention to these constructs enough times to finally prompt online research. I was surprised by their numbers and scale. I quickly noticed many newly-discovered earthworks are already damaged by modern roads. No wonder preservationists are raising alarms. There seems to be no respect or recognition of the unique archaeological remains. Have efforts been made to protect them? Do the forms go unnoticed on the ground in the jungle because of their large scale? The ancient human landscape has come to the attention of UNESCO, good news for conservationists while jungle deforestation marches apace. Apparently, archaeology survey needs to precede road building in this region, not follow on the deforestation.

Perhaps greater recognition of the signficance and scope of the Amazon Geoglifos discovery will protect them. With that goal in mind, here follows a collection of the current YouTube videos, my placemarks file, more images from Google Earth, and a few linked readings and online resources:

Geoglifos no Acre e no Amazonas - Fantástico 2010.02.07

Feb. 2010: Formas perfeitas escavadas no solo, espalhadas pelo extremo oeste da Amazônia, surgiram com o desmatamento para criação de gado. Chamados de geóglifos, os desenhos impressionam pela perfeição.

Coletiva sobre geoglifos

July 2009 - Pesquisadores da universidade federal do acre anunciaram hoje a
descoberta no último ano de mais 105 geoglifos no estado o desafio agora
é iniciar no próximo ano as escavações em busca da origem dessas
figuras geométricas e da civilização que as construiu.

Download Google Earth Placemarks: 2011.01: amazon_geoglifos.kmz
2011.04 update:
 geoglifos_brazil.kmz

I'm posting a placemark file of the geoglyphs I could find. Recently local archaeologists thought, given the known distribution and the amount of the area deforested so far, only ten percent of the geoglifos were known. Some are visible in YouTube videos that are not yet seen on Google Earth. Hundreds exist and more will be visible and discoverd as new areas of Google Earth update with hi-res images. I seek additional placemarks and data files. Please GPS monuments you visit.

One of the largest works visible in Google Earth is near Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil.

Geoglifos Amazônicos

Sept. 2008 - Documentario Exibido no Fantastico, sobre Geoglifos

Geoglifos em Acrelândia

April 2008

Geoglifo

Sept. 2006, Equipe da TBS e o palentólogo Alceu Ranzi
percorrem trecho de um geoglifo da Amazônia.


Geoglyph Readings

National Geo: "Lost" Amazon Complex Found; Shapes Seen by Satellite
The so-called 'crop circles' of Santa Teresinha are seen in a great photograph. "Satellite images ... have revealed more than 200 geometric earthworks spanning a distance greater than 155 miles (250 kilometers) ... uplands sites appear to have been home to as many as 60,000 people."

"It's an ill wind that blows nobody any good. The combination of land cleared of its rainforest for grazing and satellite survey have revealed a sophisticated pre-Columbian monument-building society in the upper Amazon Basin on the east side of the Andes. This hitherto unknown people constructed earthworks of precise geometric plan connected by straight orthogonal roads. Introducing us to this new civilisation, the authors show that the 'geoglyph culture' stretches over a region more than 250km across, and exploits both the floodplains and the uplands. They also suggest that we have so far seen no more than a tenth of it."
Pre-Columbian geometric earthworks in the upper Purús: a complex society in western Amazonia Martti Pärssinen, Denise Schaan and Alceu Ranzi, 2009 Antiquity 83(322):1084-1095.

"GEOGLIFOS O que são? Geoglifos são vestígios arqueológicos representados por desenhos geométricos (linhas, quadrados, círculos, octógonos, hexágonos etc...), zoomorfos (animais) ou antropomorfos (formas humanas), de grandes dimensões e elaborados sobre o solo, que podem ser totalmente e melhor observados se vistos do alto, em especial, através de sobrevôo."
geoglifos.com.br   |   links page 

Internet Software Programs Aid in Search for Amazonian Geoglyphs, Alceu Ranzi, Roberto Feres, Foster Brown EOS Vol. 88, No. 21, 22 May 2007. - The Web-based Google Earth software program recently has incorporated high-resolution satellite imagery that facilitates the search for landscape expressions of past civilizations that we call geoglyphs. Since 2000, about 40 such geoglyphs have been observed in overflights above recently deforested pastures of southwestern Amazonia in eastern Acre State, Brazil. These geoglyphs typically are circular or rectangular, on the scale of 100 meters or more, with bordering trenches 1-3 meters deep (Figure 1). Carbon-14 dating of charcoal associated with these geoglyphs indicates ages between 2500 and 1000 years B.P.

"Until the past year, high-resolution Ikonos and QuickBird imagery was too expensive for local researchers to use in surveys for geoglyphs. The incorporation of such imagery by Google Earth for extensive stretches in Amazonia has permitted researchers to search for geoglyphs in eastern Acre. Figure 2 shows how preliminary data analysis can be done with high-resolution satellite imagery to determine the areal density and distribution of geoglyphs. In this transect, 39 potential geoglyphs were observed in an examination of the imagery. Through fieldwork and overflights during the past three decades, only nine geoglyphs had been discovered in the area of the transect. "


Reflections

An unusual moment presents itself in the Amazon. Unlike regions where we regret past destruction, this is a region where impending destruction can still be prevented. Will the current physical destruction to the earthworks stop or continue as roads intrude in the jungle and deforestation advances? Will ethnobotanists examine the botanical flora of the clearly-demarcated ancient sites before deforestation? Will any of the still-forested sites be preserved as they are today?


Links

You can visually explore the earthworks, the deforestation, and expanses of forested jungle on the virtual globe. Visit http://earth.google.com for more information about Google Earth. Visit Google Earth Community to keep apace with imagery updates. I may add content below as news and feedback develop.

Ciência anuncia 250 geoglifos descobertos no Acre (old link) - 25 de julho de 2009 - Os pesquisadores Alceu Ranzi e Denise Schaan anunciaram nesta sexta-feira, 24, a identificação de vinte novos geoglifos no Vale do Acre, elevando para 250 o número de estrutura catalogadas ... "Teremos novas escavações em 2010", informou Schaan ... o grupo de pesquisa ... "Geoglifos da Amazônia Ocidental" vem desenvolvendo desde 2005 pesquisas intensivas sobre os geoglifos no Estado, com o objetivo de fazer um amplo levantamento dos geoglifos na parte Leste do Acre. Os geoglifos fazem parte de uma lista do Instituto Nacional de Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (Iphan) para recomendar à Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, Ciência e Cultura (Unesco) ...

Arqueologia: novas descobertas elevam para 255 os geoglifos do Acre - julho 27, 2009 - ... um grupo de pesquisadores já identificou e catalogou a existência de 255 geoglifos na parte leste do Acre ... Os geoglifos são figuras formadas por valetas com largura média de 11 metros, tendo cada valeta de 1 a 4 metros de profundidade. A técnica construtiva inclui muretas de 6 a 8 metros com meio metro de altura. As figuram chegam a medir em média de 100 a 200 metros. Eles possuem, ainda, caminhos com 20 metros de largura ...

Abril 10, 2009 Geoglifos do Acre podem ser reconhecidos pela Unesco como Patrimônio da Humanidade no Brasil. "Os geoglifos do Acre foram incluídos pelo Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (IPHAN) numa lista indicativa de bens passíveis de ser declarados pela Unesco como Patrimônio da Humanidade no Brasil."

Facebook Grupo (Spanish) - Geoglifos del Estado de Acre Brasil -
"18/04/04 - Expertos de Brasil, Italia y Finlandia estudiarán en la selva amazónica unos enigmáticos "geoglifos", enormes dibujos ... obra de una antigua civilización desaparecida. Los trazados geométricos en bajo relieve, de hasta 350 metros de largo y hasta tres metros de profundidad, fueron excavados hace cientos de años ... cerca de las fronteras con Bolivia y Perú ... Los cuadrados, círculos, hexágonos, círculos con cuadrados dentro y cuadrados que contienen círculos, pudieron haber sido hechos por indios que vivieron en la región entre 800 y 2.500 años atrás, de acuerdo al Departamento de Patrimonio Histórico y Cultural de Acre. 

Amazon explorers uncover signs of a real El Dorado by Rory Carroll, "It is the legend that drew legions of explorers and adventurers to their deaths: an ancient empire of citadels and treasure hidden deep in the Amazon jungle." ... "... only now, as satellite imagery and felling reveal sites ... the scale of the settlements is becoming clear. Some anthropologists say the feat, requiring sophisticated engineering, canals and roads, rivals Egypt's pyramids."

www.geoglifos.com.br/ - criado pelo paleontólogo Alceu Ranzi - fotos e informações podem ser obtidas - Geoglifos do Acre. More information and photos on the Geoglyphs of Acre site. Hay mas informacion y fotos en el sitio Geoglifos de Acre. Fotos/photos.

Lombardo, Umberto and Heiko Prümers 2010 Pre-Columbian human occupation patterns in the eastern plains of the Llanos de Moxos, Bolivian Amazonia, Journal of Archaeological Science 37:1875-1885.
 
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