2010.01.20
- Geoglifos is the term applied in Brazil to
geometric earthworks discovered after recent deforestation.
Geoglyphs are not new in South American archaeology, but these are
different—massive earthworks of tropical forest soil rather than desert
surface alterations. The Amazon Geoglifos present geometric forms;
circles, squares, ellipses, octagons, and more, with individual forms
up to several hundred meters across. Some are connected by parallel
walls. Their distribution spans hundreds of kilometers, and much of the
area remains forested jungle.
Geoglifos have been discovered in Google
Earth exploring areas with recent high-resolution imagery updates.
(Click thumbnail images herein to view larger image files in a new
window.) Recent Brazilian news videos (five reports embedded below) on
the ground and from small planes clearly illustrate the impressive
scale, the massiveness of the amount of earth moved, and the unique
monumental quality of this ancient cultural expression.
Earthworks preservationists, researchers,
and recent archaeology
news feeds called my attention to these constructs enough times to
finally prompt online research. I was surprised by their numbers and
scale. I quickly noticed many newly-discovered earthworks are already
damaged by modern roads. No wonder preservationists are raising alarms.
There seems to be no respect or recognition of the unique
archaeological remains. Have efforts been made to protect them? Do the
forms go unnoticed on the ground in the jungle because of their large
scale? The ancient human landscape has come to the attention of UNESCO,
good news for conservationists while jungle deforestation marches
apace. Apparently, archaeology survey needs to precede road building in
this region, not follow on the deforestation.
Perhaps greater recognition of the
signficance and scope of the Amazon Geoglifos discovery will protect
them. With that goal in mind, here follows a collection of the current
YouTube videos, my placemarks file, more images from Google Earth, and
a few linked readings and online resources:
Geoglifos no Acre e no Amazonas - Fantástico
2010.02.07
Feb. 2010: Formas
perfeitas escavadas no solo, espalhadas pelo extremo oeste da
Amazônia, surgiram com o desmatamento para criação
de gado. Chamados de geóglifos, os desenhos impressionam pela
perfeição.
Coletiva sobre geoglifos
July
2009 - Pesquisadores da universidade federal do acre anunciaram hoje a
descoberta no último ano de mais 105
geoglifos no estado o desafio agora
é iniciar no próximo ano as escavações em
busca da origem dessas
figuras geométricas e da civilização que as
construiu.
I'm posting a placemark file of the
geoglyphs I could find. Recently local archaeologists thought, given
the known distribution and the amount of the area deforested so far,
only ten percent of the geoglifos were known. Some are visible in
YouTube videos that are not yet seen on Google Earth. Hundreds exist
and more will be visible and discoverd as new areas of Google Earth
update with hi-res images. I seek additional placemarks and data files.
Please GPS monuments you visit.
One of the largest works
visible in Google Earth is near Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil.
Geoglifos Amazônicos
Sept.
2008 - Documentario Exibido no Fantastico, sobre Geoglifos
Geoglifos em Acrelândia
April
2008
Geoglifo
Sept.
2006, Equipe da TBS e o palentólogo Alceu Ranzi
percorrem trecho de um geoglifo da Amazônia.
Geoglyph Readings
National Geo: "Lost"
Amazon Complex Found; Shapes Seen by Satellite
The so-called 'crop circles' of Santa Teresinha are seen in a great
photograph. "Satellite
images ... have revealed more than 200 geometric earthworks spanning a
distance greater than 155 miles (250 kilometers) ... uplands sites
appear to have been home to as many as 60,000 people."
"It's an ill wind
that blows nobody any good. The combination of land cleared of its
rainforest for grazing and satellite survey have revealed a
sophisticated pre-Columbian monument-building society in the upper
Amazon Basin on the east side of the Andes. This hitherto unknown
people constructed earthworks of precise geometric plan connected by
straight orthogonal roads. Introducing us to this new civilisation, the
authors show that the 'geoglyph culture' stretches over a region more
than 250km across, and exploits both the floodplains and the uplands.
They also suggest that we have so far seen no more than a tenth of it."
— Pre-Columbian
geometric earthworks in the upper Purús: a complex society in
western Amazonia Martti Pärssinen, Denise Schaan and Alceu
Ranzi, 2009 Antiquity 83(322):1084-1095.
"GEOGLIFOS O que
são? Geoglifos são vestígios arqueológicos
representados por desenhos geométricos (linhas, quadrados,
círculos, octógonos, hexágonos etc...), zoomorfos
(animais) ou antropomorfos (formas humanas), de grandes
dimensões e elaborados sobre o solo, que podem ser totalmente e
melhor observados se vistos do alto, em especial, através de
sobrevôo."
— geoglifos.com.br | links page
Internet
Software Programs Aid in Search for Amazonian Geoglyphs, Alceu
Ranzi, Roberto Feres, Foster Brown EOS Vol. 88, No. 21, 22 May 2007. -
The Web-based Google Earth software program recently has incorporated
high-resolution satellite imagery that facilitates the search for
landscape expressions of past civilizations that we call geoglyphs.
Since 2000, about 40 such geoglyphs have been observed in overflights
above recently deforested pastures of southwestern Amazonia in eastern
Acre State, Brazil. These geoglyphs typically are circular or
rectangular, on the scale of 100 meters or more, with bordering
trenches 1-3 meters deep (Figure 1). Carbon-14 dating of charcoal
associated with these geoglyphs indicates ages between 2500 and 1000
years B.P.
"Until the past year,
high-resolution Ikonos and QuickBird imagery was too expensive for
local researchers to use in surveys for geoglyphs. The incorporation of
such imagery by Google Earth for extensive stretches in Amazonia has
permitted researchers to search for geoglyphs in eastern Acre. Figure 2
shows how preliminary data analysis can be done with high-resolution
satellite imagery to determine the areal density and distribution of
geoglyphs. In this transect, 39 potential geoglyphs were observed in an
examination of the imagery. Through fieldwork and overflights during
the past three decades, only nine geoglyphs had been discovered in the
area of the transect. "
Reflections
An unusual moment presents
itself in the Amazon. Unlike regions where we regret past destruction,
this is a region where impending destruction can still be prevented.
Will the current physical destruction to the earthworks stop or
continue as roads intrude in the jungle and deforestation advances?
Will ethnobotanists examine the botanical flora of the
clearly-demarcated ancient sites before deforestation? Will any of the
still-forested sites be preserved as they are today?
Links
You can visually explore the
earthworks, the deforestation, and expanses of forested jungle on the
virtual globe. Visit http://earth.google.com
for more information about Google Earth. Visit Google Earth Community to keep
apace with imagery updates. I may add content below as news and
feedback develop.
Ciência
anuncia 250 geoglifos descobertos no Acre (old link) - 25 de julho de 2009 -
Os pesquisadores Alceu Ranzi e Denise Schaan anunciaram nesta
sexta-feira, 24, a identificação de vinte novos geoglifos
no Vale do Acre, elevando para 250 o número de estrutura
catalogadas ... "Teremos novas escavações em 2010",
informou Schaan ... o grupo de pesquisa ... "Geoglifos da
Amazônia Ocidental" vem desenvolvendo desde 2005 pesquisas
intensivas sobre os geoglifos no Estado, com o objetivo de fazer um
amplo levantamento dos geoglifos na parte Leste do Acre. Os geoglifos
fazem parte de uma lista do Instituto Nacional de Patrimônio
Histórico e Artístico Nacional (Iphan) para recomendar
à Organização das Nações Unidas para
a Educação, Ciência e Cultura (Unesco) ...
Arqueologia:
novas descobertas elevam para 255 os geoglifos do Acre - julho 27,
2009 -
... um grupo de pesquisadores já identificou e catalogou a
existência de 255 geoglifos na parte leste do Acre ... Os
geoglifos são figuras formadas por valetas com largura
média de 11 metros, tendo cada valeta de 1 a 4 metros de
profundidade. A técnica construtiva inclui muretas de 6 a 8
metros com meio metro de altura. As figuram chegam a medir em
média de 100 a 200 metros. Eles possuem, ainda, caminhos com 20
metros de largura ...
Abril 10, 2009
Geoglifos do Acre podem ser reconhecidos pela Unesco como Patrimônio
da Humanidade no Brasil. "Os geoglifos do Acre foram
incluídos pelo Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e
Artístico Nacional (IPHAN) numa lista indicativa de bens
passíveis de ser declarados pela Unesco como Patrimônio da
Humanidade no Brasil."
Facebook Grupo (Spanish) - Geoglifos del
Estado de Acre Brasil -
"18/04/04 - Expertos de Brasil, Italia y Finlandia estudiarán en
la selva
amazónica unos enigmáticos "geoglifos", enormes dibujos
...
obra de una antigua civilización desaparecida. Los trazados
geométricos
en bajo relieve, de hasta 350 metros de largo y hasta tres metros de
profundidad,
fueron excavados hace cientos de años ... cerca de las fronteras
con Bolivia
y Perú ... Los cuadrados, círculos, hexágonos,
círculos
con cuadrados dentro y cuadrados que contienen círculos,
pudieron haber sido
hechos por indios que vivieron en la región entre 800 y 2.500
años
atrás, de acuerdo al Departamento de Patrimonio Histórico
y Cultural
de Acre.
Amazon
explorers uncover signs of a real El Dorado by Rory Carroll,
"It is the legend that drew legions of explorers and adventurers to
their deaths: an ancient empire of citadels and treasure hidden deep in
the Amazon jungle." ... "... only now, as satellite imagery and felling
reveal sites ... the scale of the settlements is becoming clear. Some
anthropologists say the feat, requiring sophisticated engineering,
canals and roads, rivals Egypt's pyramids."
www.geoglifos.com.br/ - criado
pelo paleontólogo Alceu Ranzi - fotos e
informações podem ser obtidas - Geoglifos do Acre. More
information and photos on the Geoglyphs of Acre site. Hay mas
informacion y fotos en el sitio Geoglifos de Acre. Fotos/photos.
Lombardo,
Umberto and Heiko Prümers 2010 Pre-Columbian human occupation
patterns in the eastern plains of the Llanos de Moxos, Bolivian
Amazonia, Journal of Archaeological Science 37:1875-1885.